{"id":59346,"date":"2023-09-08T12:52:02","date_gmt":"2023-09-08T10:52:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecnolawyer.com\/espana-un-paso-adelante-en-la-supervision-de-la-inteligencia-artificial\/"},"modified":"2023-09-08T13:07:54","modified_gmt":"2023-09-08T11:07:54","slug":"espana-un-paso-adelante-en-la-supervision-de-la-inteligencia-artificial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecnolawyer.com\/es\/espana-un-paso-adelante-en-la-supervision-de-la-inteligencia-artificial\/","title":{"rendered":"Espa\u00f1a, un paso adelante en la supervisi\u00f3n de la Inteligencia Artificial"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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En<\/span> efecto,<\/span> la<\/span> Agencia<\/span> Espa\u00f1ola<\/span> de<\/span> Inteligencia<\/span> Artificial<\/span> (AESIA)<\/span> comenzar\u00e1<\/span> a<\/span> funcionar<\/span> en<\/span> un<\/span> plazo<\/span> m\u00e1ximo<\/span> de<\/span> tres<\/span> meses.<\/span> A<\/span> finales<\/span> de<\/span> agosto,<\/span> el<\/span> Consejo<\/span> de<\/span> Ministros<\/span> aprob\u00f3<\/span> el<\/span> Estatuto<\/span> de<\/span> este<\/span> organismo,<\/span> que<\/span> se<\/span> adscribe<\/span> al<\/span> Ministerio<\/span> de<\/span> Asuntos<\/span> Econ\u00f3micos<\/span> y<\/span> Transformaci\u00f3n<\/span> Digital.<\/span> Espa\u00f1a<\/span> se<\/span> convierte<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span> en<\/span> el<\/span> primer<\/span> pa\u00eds<\/span> europeo<\/span> en<\/span> tener<\/span> un<\/span> \u00f3rgano<\/span> de<\/span> estas<\/span> caracter\u00edsticas.<\/span> Pero<\/span> empiezan<\/span> por<\/span> el<\/span> principio.<\/span><\/em><\/div>\r\n
\u00a0<\/div>\r\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9<\/span> es<\/span> la<\/span> inteligencia<\/span> artificial?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n
La<\/span> inteligencia<\/span> artificial<\/span> (IA)<\/span> es<\/span> un<\/span> subcampo<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> inform\u00e1tica<\/span> que<\/span> busca<\/span> crear<\/span> sistemas<\/span> capaces<\/span> de<\/span> realizar<\/span> tareas<\/span> que<\/span> requieren<\/span> inteligencia<\/span> humana.<\/span> Estas<\/span> tareas<\/span> pueden<\/span> incluir,<\/span> pero<\/span> no<\/span> se<\/span> limitan<\/span> a,<\/span> la<\/span> comprensi\u00f3n<\/span> del<\/span> lenguaje<\/span> natural,<\/span> la<\/span> percepci\u00f3n<\/span> visual,<\/span> la<\/span> toma<\/span> de<\/span> decisiones,<\/span> la<\/span> resoluci\u00f3n<\/span> de<\/span> problemas<\/span> y<\/span> el<\/span> aprendizaje<\/span> a<\/span> partir<\/span> de<\/span> datos<\/span> o<\/span> experiencias<\/span> anteriores.<\/span><\/div>\r\n
\u00a0<\/div>\r\n
La<\/span> IA<\/span> se<\/span> basa<\/span> en<\/span> diferentes<\/span> t\u00e9cnicas<\/span> y<\/span> teor\u00edas,<\/span> incluyendo<\/span> los<\/span> algoritmos<\/span> de<\/span> b\u00fasqueda,<\/span> la<\/span> l\u00f3gica,<\/span> el<\/span> reconocimiento<\/span> de<\/span> patrones,<\/span> el<\/span> aprendizaje<\/span> autom\u00e1tico,<\/span> las<\/span> redes<\/span> neuronales,<\/span> la<\/span> rob\u00f3tica,<\/span> entre<\/span> otros.<\/span><\/div>\r\n
\u00a0<\/div>\r\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9<\/span> es<\/span> la<\/span> inteligencia<\/span> artificial<\/span> generativa?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n
Y<\/span> como<\/span> todo<\/span> avanza<\/span> a<\/span> toda<\/span> velocidad,<\/span> ahora<\/span> ya<\/span> disponemos<\/span> de<\/span> IA<\/span> generativa.<\/span> La<\/span> inteligencia<\/span> artificial<\/span> generativa<\/span> se<\/span> refiere<\/span> a<\/span> sistemas<\/span> de<\/span> IA<\/span> que<\/span> pueden<\/span> generar<\/span> contenido<\/span> nuevo<\/span> que<\/span> no<\/span> ha<\/span> sido<\/span> previamente<\/span> visto.<\/span> En<\/span> lugar<\/span> de<\/span> simplemente<\/span> analizar<\/span> datos<\/span> y<\/span> extraer<\/span> informaci\u00f3n<\/span> (como<\/span> lo<\/span> har\u00eda<\/span> un<\/span> sistema<\/span> de<\/span> IA<\/span> \"discriminativo\"),<\/span> los<\/span> sistemas<\/span> generativos<\/span> pueden<\/span> crear<\/span> datos<\/span> que<\/span> parecen<\/span> nuevos<\/span> y<\/span> originales.<\/span><\/div>\r\n
Esto<\/span> hace<\/span> que<\/span> los<\/span> problemas<\/span> que<\/span> plantea<\/span> la<\/span> IA<\/span> se<\/span> multipliquen.<\/span><\/div>\r\n
\u00a0<\/div>\r\n

\u00bfPor<\/span> qu\u00e9<\/span> necesitamos<\/span> regular<\/span> la<\/span> IA?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n
Las<\/span> razones<\/span> son<\/span> m\u00faltiples.<\/span> Podemos<\/span> citar<\/span> unas<\/span> cuantas<\/span> como<\/span> conductas<\/span> de<\/span> \u00e9tica<\/span> dudosa<\/span> que<\/span> afecten<\/span> a<\/span> la<\/span> privacidad<\/span> de<\/span> los<\/span> individuos,<\/span> razones<\/span> de<\/span> seguridad<\/span> si<\/span> la<\/span> IA<\/span> se<\/span> utiliza<\/span> para<\/span> atacar<\/span> sistemas<\/span> de<\/span> ciberseguridad,<\/span> opacidad<\/span> de<\/span> los<\/span> algoritmos<\/span> que<\/span> esconde<\/span> como<\/span> se<\/span> toman<\/span> las<\/span> decisiones,<\/span> sesgo<\/span> en<\/span> la<\/span> toma<\/span> de<\/span> decisiones<\/span> que<\/span> afecte<\/span> a<\/span> la<\/span> igualdad<\/span> de<\/span> las<\/span> personas,<\/span> responsabilidad<\/span> en<\/span> caso<\/span> de<\/span> decisiones<\/span> err\u00f3neas<\/span> tomadas<\/span> por<\/span> la<\/span> IA,<\/span> estimular<\/span> la<\/span> innovaci\u00f3n<\/span> hacia<\/span> direcciones<\/span> positivas<\/span> para<\/span> la<\/span> sociedad,<\/span> hacer<\/span> aportaciones<\/span> decisivas<\/span> en<\/span> el<\/span> campo<\/span> econ\u00f3mico<\/span> y<\/span> laboral<\/span> si<\/span> la<\/span> IA<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> bien<\/span> orientada,<\/span> proteger<\/span> al<\/span> consumidor<\/span> o,<\/span> por<\/span> \u00faltimo,<\/span> para<\/span> coordinar<\/span> nuestra<\/span> regulaci\u00f3n<\/span> con<\/span> la<\/span> de<\/span> otros<\/span> pa\u00edses,<\/span> a<\/span> la<\/span> manera,<\/span> por<\/span> ejemplo,<\/span> como<\/span> se<\/span> ha<\/span> hecho<\/span> con<\/span> la<\/span> protecci\u00f3n<\/span> de<\/span> datos<\/span> en<\/span> Europa.<\/span><\/div>\r\n
La<\/span> clave<\/span> es<\/span> encontrar<\/span> un<\/span> equilibrio<\/span> entre<\/span> proteger<\/span> la<\/span> sociedad<\/span> y<\/span> los<\/span> derechos<\/span> individuales<\/span> sin<\/span> frenar<\/span> la<\/span> innovaci\u00f3n<\/span> y<\/span> el<\/span> desarrollo<\/span> tecnol\u00f3gico.<\/span><\/div>\r\n
\u00a0<\/div>\r\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9<\/span> paso<\/span> ha<\/span> dado<\/span> Espa\u00f1a?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n
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El<\/span> Gobierno<\/span> ha<\/span> explicado<\/span> que<\/span> esta<\/span> estrategia<\/span> incluye<\/span> diferentes<\/span> planes<\/span> estrat\u00e9gicos,<\/span> entre<\/span> ellos<\/span> la<\/span> Estrategia<\/span> Nacional<\/span> de<\/span> Inteligencia<\/span> Artificial<\/span> (ENIA)<\/span> ,<\/span> que<\/span> tiene<\/span> como<\/span> objetivo<\/span> dar<\/span> un<\/span> marco<\/span> de<\/span> referencia<\/span> para<\/span> el<\/span> desarrollo<\/span> de<\/span> una<\/span> inteligencia<\/span> artificial<\/span> \"inclusiva,<\/span> sostenible<\/span> y<\/span> centrada<\/span> en<\/span> la<\/span> ciudadan\u00eda\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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La<\/span> Estrategia<\/span> forma<\/span> parte<\/span> del<\/span> Plan<\/span> de<\/span> Recuperaci\u00f3n,<\/span> Transformaci\u00f3n<\/span> y<\/span> Resiliencia<\/span> (PRTR)<\/span> ,<\/span> que<\/span> pretende<\/span> situar<\/span> a<\/span> Espa\u00f1a<\/span> como<\/span> pa\u00eds<\/span> puntero<\/span> en<\/span> inteligencia<\/span> artificial<\/span> (IA).<\/span> La<\/span> AESIA<\/span> se<\/span> adscribe<\/span> al<\/span> Ministerio<\/span> de<\/span> Asuntos<\/span> Econ\u00f3micos<\/span> y<\/span> Transformaci\u00f3n<\/span> Digital<\/span> mediante<\/span> la<\/span> Secretar\u00eda<\/span> de<\/span> Estado<\/span> de<\/span> Digitalizaci\u00f3n<\/span> e<\/span> Inteligencia<\/span> Artificial.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Con<\/span> la<\/span> creaci\u00f3n<\/span> de<\/span> esta<\/span> agencia,<\/span> Espa\u00f1a<\/span> se<\/span> convierte<\/span> en<\/span> el<\/span> primer<\/span> pa\u00eds<\/span> europeo<\/span> que<\/span> tiene<\/span> un<\/span> \u00f3rgano<\/span> de<\/span> estas<\/span> caracter\u00edsticas<\/span> y<\/span> se<\/span> anticipa<\/span> a<\/span> la<\/span> entrada<\/span> en<\/span> vigor<\/span> del<\/span> Reglamento<\/span> europeo<\/span> de<\/span> inteligencia<\/span> artificial.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n

La<\/span> figura<\/span> del<\/span> DPD<\/span> en<\/span> la<\/span> aplicaci\u00f3n<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> IA<\/span><\/h2>\r\n
El<\/span> Delegado<\/span> de<\/span> Protecci\u00f3n<\/span> de<\/span> Datos,<\/span> profesional<\/span> que<\/span> revisa<\/span> el<\/span> cumplimiento<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> normativa<\/span> de<\/span> privacidad<\/span> a<\/span> las<\/span> empresas<\/span> y<\/span> organismos,<\/span> es<\/span> la<\/span> figura<\/span> id\u00f3nea<\/span> para<\/span> supervisar<\/span> la<\/span> utilizaci\u00f3n<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> IA.<\/span> Como<\/span> dice<\/span> la<\/span> AEPD,<\/span> \"el<\/span> DPD,<\/span> incluso<\/span> en<\/span> los<\/span> casos<\/span> que<\/span> no<\/span> sea<\/span> obligatorio,<\/span> puede<\/span> ser<\/span> de<\/span> gran<\/span> utilidad<\/span> en<\/span> aquellas<\/span> entidades<\/span> que<\/span> emplean<\/span> soluciones<\/span> basadas<\/span> en<\/span> IA<\/span> y<\/span> que<\/span> tratan<\/span> datos<\/span> personales,<\/span> o<\/span> que<\/span> desarrollan<\/span> soluciones<\/span> de<\/span> IA<\/span> que<\/span> hacen<\/span> uso<\/span> de<\/span> datos<\/span> personales<\/span> para<\/span> el<\/span> entrenamiento<\/span> de<\/span> los<\/span> modelos.<\/span> A<\/span> tenerlo<\/span> presente.<\/span><\/div>\r\n
\u00a0<\/div>\r\n

Conclusiones<\/span><\/h2>\r\n
El<\/span> mundo<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> IA,<\/span> tanto<\/span> apasionante<\/span> como<\/span> lleno<\/span> de<\/span> peligros<\/span> e<\/span> incertidumbres,<\/span> ha<\/span> irrumpido<\/span> con<\/span> fuerza<\/span> en<\/span> nuestra<\/span> sociedad.<\/span> Y<\/span> todav\u00eda<\/span> s\u00f3lo<\/span> hemos<\/span> visto<\/span> el<\/span> principio.<\/span> Si<\/span> somos<\/span> capaces<\/span> de<\/span> hacerla<\/span> nuestra,<\/span> minimizando<\/span> las<\/span> desventajas<\/span> y<\/span> potenciando<\/span> las<\/span> ventajas<\/span> para<\/span> todos,<\/span> no<\/span> por<\/span> unos<\/span> cuantos,<\/span> estoy<\/span> convencido<\/span> de que<\/span> estamos<\/span> ante<\/span> lo<\/span> que<\/span> los<\/span> americanos<\/span> dicen<\/span> un<\/span> \"game<\/span> changer\".<\/span> Muy<\/span> disruptivo,<\/span> quiz\u00e1s,<\/span> incluso,<\/span> superando<\/span> la<\/span> eclosi\u00f3n<\/span> de<\/span> Internet.<\/span> Veremos.<\/span><\/div>\r\n
\u00a0<\/div>\r\n
Mientras<\/span> tanto,<\/span> \u00a1cuidaos!<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En efecto, la Agencia Espa\u00f1ola de Inteligencia Artificial (AESIA) comenzar\u00e1 a funcionar en un plazo m\u00e1ximo de tres meses. A ... Leer m\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":59357,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"generate_page_header":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[262,265,252,261],"tags":[288],"class_list":["post-59346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-derecho-digital-es","category-derechos-y-libertades-digitales-de-las-personas-es","category-privacidad-proteccion_datos-es","category-seguridad-de-la-informacion","tag-proteccion-de-datos-es","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecnolawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecnolawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecnolawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecnolawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecnolawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59346"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tecnolawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59346\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecnolawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59357"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecnolawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecnolawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecnolawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}